Narushima (Carolingians) vs. P@nther (Coalition) in Nap. Empires

[Narushima]

If you ever attack in Cologne, ask me for OOL, please.

[Panther]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - UnitedKingdom
            1 Artillery and 1 Marines moved from Sjaelland to SZ11
            1 Artillery and 1 Marines moved from SZ11 to Skane
            4 Mariness moved from Sicily to SZ67
            1 Barque, 1 Battleship, 1 Brigantine, 2 Frigates and 4 Mariness moved from SZ67 to SZ81
            4 Mariness moved from SZ81 to Cyrenacia

Purchase Units - UnitedKingdom
            UnitedKingdom buy 4 Fusilierss and 7 Mariness; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat - UnitedKingdom
            Battle in Cyrenacia
                UnitedKingdom attack with 4 Mariness
                Neutral defend with 1 Chasseurs
                UnitedKingdom win, taking Cyrenacia from Neutral with 3 Mariness remaining. Battle score for attacker is -1
                Casualties for Neutral: 1 Chasseurs
                Casualties for UnitedKingdom: 1 Marines
            Battle in Skane
                UnitedKingdom attack with 1 Artillery and 1 Marines
                Sweden defend with 1 Chasseurs
                UnitedKingdom win, taking Skane from Sweden with 1 Artillery and 1 Marines remaining. Battle score for attacker is 5
                Casualties for Sweden: 1 Chasseurs

Non Combat Move - UnitedKingdom
            1 Dragoons moved from Jutland to SZ26
            1 Barque and 1 Dragoons moved from SZ26 to SZ11
            1 Dragoons moved from SZ11 to Skane
            1 Brigantine and 1 Cutter moved from SZ11 to SZ26
            4 Barques moved from SZ27 to SZ29
            1 Chasseurs and 4 Fusilierss moved from Essex to SZ29
            5 Barques, 1 Chasseurs and 4 Fusilierss moved from SZ29 to SZ27
            1 Chasseurs and 4 Fusilierss moved from SZ27 to Hanovre
            1 Grenadiers moved from Yorkshire to Essex
            1 Marines moved from Munster to SZ31
            1 Corvette and 1 Marines moved from SZ31 to SZ34
            1 Marines moved from SZ34 to Wessex
            2 Corvettes and 1 Frigate moved from SZ34 to SZ29
            1 Cutter moved from SZ37 to SZ34
            1 Brigantine moved from SZ36 to SZ34

Place Units - UnitedKingdom
            3 Fusilierss and 5 Mariness placed in Essex
            1 Fusiliers and 2 Mariness placed in Hanovre

Turn Complete - UnitedKingdom
            UnitedKingdom collect 65 PUs; end with 65 PUs total
            Objective Balancing Income for balanced game: UnitedKingdom met a national objective for an additional -4 PUs; end with 61 PUs

[Narushima]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - Spain
            2 Frigates moved from SZ43 to SZ44
            1 Battleship moved from SZ47 to SZ53
            4 Mariness moved from Tangiers to SZ54
            2 Barques and 4 Mariness moved from SZ54 to SZ51
            4 Mariness moved from SZ51 to West Sahara
            1 Barque moved from SZ54 to SZ49
            2 Brigantines, 1 Corvette, 1 Cutter and 1 Frigate moved from SZ55 to SZ53
            1 Artillery and 1 Fusiliers moved from New Castille to La Mancha
            1 Chasseurs, 1 Howitzer and 1 Marines moved from El Erg to Areg

Purchase Units - Spain
            Spain buy 1 Cutter and 2 Frigates; Remaining resources: 3 PUs;

Combat - Spain
            Battle in West Sahara
                Spain attack with 4 Mariness
                Neutral defend with 1 Fusiliers and 1 Hussars
                Spain win, taking West Sahara from Neutral with 2 Mariness remaining. Battle score for attacker is -4
                Casualties for Neutral: 1 Fusiliers and 1 Hussars
                Casualties for Spain: 2 Mariness
            Battle in Areg
                Spain attack with 1 Chasseurs, 1 Howitzer and 1 Marines
                Neutral defend with 1 Fusiliers
                Spain win, taking Areg from Neutral with 1 Chasseurs and 1 Howitzer remaining. Battle score for attacker is -2
                Casualties for Neutral: 1 Fusiliers
                Casualties for Spain: 1 Marines

Non Combat Move - Spain
            1 General moved from Oporto to Alemtejo

Place Units - Spain
            1 Cutter and 2 Frigates placed in SZ47

Turn Complete - Spain
            Spain collect 45 PUs; end with 48 PUs total
            Objective Balancing Income for balanced game: Spain met a national objective for an additional -10 PUs; end with 38 PUs

[Panther]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Purchase Units - KingdomOfPrussia
            KingdomOfPrussia buy 1 Grenadiers, 1 Howitzer and 5 Hussarss; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Non Combat Move - KingdomOfPrussia
            1 Cutter moved from SZ5 to SZ7
            1 Brigantine moved from SZ5 to SZ3
            2 Artillerys, 6 Chasseurss, 3 Dragoonss, 1 Fusiliers, 1 Grenadiers, 1 Horse_Artillery and 4 Howitzers moved from Holstein to Hanovre
            1 Fusiliers and 4 Hussarss moved from Mecklenburg to Hanovre
            2 Fusilierss moved from Magdeburg to Hanovre
            1 Horse_Artillery and 4 Hussarss moved from Prussia to Mecklenburg

Place Units - KingdomOfPrussia
            1 Grenadiers and 1 Howitzer placed in Mecklenburg
            5 Hussarss placed in Prussia

Turn Complete - KingdomOfPrussia
            KingdomOfPrussia collect 29 PUs; end with 29 PUs total

[Narushima]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - Sweden
            1 Dragoons and 1 Horse_Artillery moved from Norvege to Vastra Gotaland
            1 Artillery and 1 Fusiliers moved from Norvege to Bohus
            2 Battleships, 2 Brigantines, 3 Cutters and 2 Frigates moved from SZ9 to SZ6

Purchase Units - Sweden
            Sweden buy 5 Fusilierss; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat - Sweden
            Battle in SZ6
                Sweden attack with 2 Battleships, 2 Brigantines, 3 Cutters and 2 Frigates
                KingdomOfPrussia defend with 1 Cutter
                Sweden win with 2 Battleships, 2 Brigantines, 3 Cutters and 2 Frigates remaining. Battle score for attacker is 6
                Casualties for KingdomOfPrussia: 1 Cutter

Non Combat Move - Sweden
            1 General moved from Ostra Gotaland to Vastra Gotaland

Place Units - Sweden
            5 Fusilierss placed in Svealand

Turn Complete - Sweden
            Sweden collect 13 PUs; end with 13 PUs total

[Panther]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - AustrianEmpire
            1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 1 Fusiliers, 1 Horse_Artillery, 1 Howitzer and 5 Hussarss moved from Slavonia to Serbia
            7 Hussarss moved from Slovenia to Serbia
            1 Fusiliers moved from Transylvania to Serbia

Purchase Units - AustrianEmpire
            AustrianEmpire buy 8 Hussarss; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat - AustrianEmpire
            Battle in Serbia
                AustrianEmpire attack with 1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Horse_Artillery, 1 Howitzer and 12 Hussarss
                OttomanEmpire defend with 1 Chasseurs, 1 Dragoons, 4 Fusilierss, 2 Horse_Artillerys, 1 Howitzer and 2 Mariness
                AustrianEmpire win, taking Serbia from OttomanEmpire with 1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Horse_Artillery, 1 Howitzer and 2 Hussarss remaining. Battle score for attacker is 13
                Casualties for OttomanEmpire: 1 Chasseurs, 1 Dragoons, 4 Fusilierss, 2 Horse_Artillerys, 1 Howitzer and 2 Mariness
                Casualties for AustrianEmpire: 10 Hussarss

Non Combat Move - AustrianEmpire
            1 Hussars moved from Austria to Croatia
            2 Dragoonss and 3 Hussarss moved from Austria to Slavonia
            1 Fusiliers, 1 Howitzer and 1 Marines moved from Salzburg to Slovenia
            1 Grenadiers moved from Bavaria to Salzburg
            3 Chasseurss moved from Bavaria to Salzburg

Place Units - AustrianEmpire
            8 Hussarss placed in Austria

Turn Complete - AustrianEmpire
            AustrianEmpire collect 32 PUs; end with 32 PUs total

[Narushima]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - OttomanEmpire
            1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 4 Fusilierss and 1 Horse_Artillery moved from Armenia to Lazes
                  OttomanEmpire take Lazes from Russia
            1 Artillery and 3 Horse_Artillerys moved from Tarsus to Lazes
            2 Howitzers moved from Karamania to Lazes
            1 Cuirassiers and 2 Hussarss moved from Anatolia to Lazes
            2 Cuirassierss and 1 Hussars moved from Constantinople to Serbia
            1 Mortars moved from Bulgaria to Serbia
            1 Chasseurs and 1 Howitzer moved from Bosnia to Serbia
            2 Chasseurss and 5 Fusilierss moved from Moldavia to Bulgaria
            1 Barque moved from SZ96 to SZ95
            2 Barques, 2 Brigantines, 1 Cutter and 1 Frigate moved from SZ95 to SZ96

Purchase Units - OttomanEmpire
            OttomanEmpire buy 2 Dragoonss and 6 Fusilierss; Remaining resources: 2 PUs;

Combat - OttomanEmpire
            Battle in Serbia
                OttomanEmpire attack with 1 Chasseurs, 2 Cuirassierss, 1 Howitzer, 1 Hussars and 1 Mortars
                AustrianEmpire defend with 1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Horse_Artillery, 1 Howitzer and 2 Hussarss
                AustrianEmpire win with 1 Howitzer and 1 Hussars remaining. Battle score for attacker is -7
                Casualties for OttomanEmpire: 1 Chasseurs, 2 Cuirassierss, 1 Howitzer, 1 Hussars and 1 Mortars
                Casualties for AustrianEmpire: 1 Artillery, 1 Dragoons, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Horse_Artillery and 1 Hussars

Non Combat Move - OttomanEmpire

Place Units - OttomanEmpire
            6 Fusilierss placed in Constantinople
            2 Dragoonss placed in Anatolia

Turn Complete - OttomanEmpire
            OttomanEmpire collect 35 PUs; end with 37 PUs total

[Panther]

May I ask you to be careful when taking out my units?

In the last battle I had 5 units with a defense value of 1 and 3 units with 2.
You scored 4 hits and took out 3 of 1 and 1 of 2, instead of 4 of 1. That influences my chances in the second round of combat.

Also why did you take out my Artillery (5PU, 2/1/1) instead of my Howitzer (4PU, 1/1/1). This does not make any sense.

That reminds me of our LotR game where you took out my Tower Guards instead of the less valuable Spear Infantry.

That’s just unfair! I hope you did it by accident.
At least it had no impact on the dice results.

I will edit my units.

Please be careful.

[Panther]

…another example is leaving the Hussar instead of fusilier with the Howitzer/Artillery.

[Narushima]

So should I always leave the automatically selected casualties?

[Panther]

The automatically selected units are (but must not always be) a good indication, as the automatical selection follows reasonable rules.

In front to front games the owner of the units chooses which units are lost.
In PBF or PBmail games the player who plays the turn has to “think in the head of his opponent” about which units are the most reasonable to take out.
Or in other words: What units would you reasonably take out if “you were me”. You as the attacker are not supposed to take out the opponent’s units that obviously weakens him. As a thumb-rule you should keep the opponent as strong as possible when taking out his units.

The decision of course is made in relation to the game status, attack/defense values of units and/or unit price.

In most of the battles this is no problem, because the take-out is (or at least seems to be) logical.
But sometimes, especially in battles with more than one round of combat and different unit profiles, in large sea battles etc. it is better to either think carefully (in favour to your opponennt) or ask for an OOL.

Whenever you have a doubt about what unit would your opponent take out, it would be better to ask.

So in the last battle you - as the defender - (if you were me) would not have left the cheapest and least-(A/D)-valuable units on the board, would you?
You would have chosen to leave either two units with the defense value of 2 - or as I would have chosen leave a Fusilier with the Artillery (for the attack support).

I hope I was able to explain the “methods of taking out the opponent’s units” in an understandable way.
If not please ask for further explanation.

:-)

I will continue later this evening or tomorrow.

[Panther]

Another example:
I realized you took out an Austrain Dragoon (Cost 6; 2/2/2) instead of another Hussar (Cost 4; 1/1/2) in the first round of combat.
You see - this is something TripleA would not suggest.

TripleA with its logic would suggest to take out the Hussar instead of the Dragoon.
You (if you were me) would not have taken the Dragoon but the Hussar instead.

So I think we are clear now on this subject.

I will do the Austrian edit as follows, as it is logical:
With Ottoman’s first four hits it is logical to take out units with a defense value of 1 - as a second round of combat will occur, and the Austrian most likely are to win the battle. The units with defense@2 are 2 Fusiliers, 1 Dragoon. They are kept. There is to keep another unit. This should be an attack supporting unit - either the Artillery or the Horse-Artillery (both value 5).
The combination Artillery/Fusilier is 4/3/1 , cost 9; the combination Dragoon/Horse-Artillery is 4/3/2, cost 11.
So it is logical to keep Dragoon /Horse Artillery with the two fusiliers.

In the second round of combat two more hits were scored, and Ottomans lost. As the Dragoon/Horse-Artillery combination is superior to two fusiliers, it is logical to keep them.

Just another example, on how decisions of taking out the opponents units can be made.
As I said, this complexity does not happen often - but it happens sometimes.

:-)

[Panther]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :4

Combat Move - Russia
            Turning on Edit Mode
            EDIT: Removing units owned by AustrianEmpire from Serbia: 1 Howitzer
            EDIT: Removing units owned by AustrianEmpire from Serbia: 1 Hussars
            EDIT: Adding units owned by AustrianEmpire to Serbia: 1 Dragoons and 1 Horse_Artillery
            EDIT: Turning off Edit Mode
            1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 1 Fusiliers and 1 Marines moved from Finland to SZ4
            1 Artillery, 3 Barques, 1 Brigantine, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Cutters, 1 Fusiliers and 1 Marines moved from SZ4 to SZ9
            1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 1 Fusiliers and 1 Marines moved from SZ9 to Ostra Gotaland
                  Russia take Ostra Gotaland from Sweden
            1 Fusiliers moved from Galicia to Moldavia
                  Russia take Moldavia from OttomanEmpire
            3 Fusilierss and 1 Howitzer moved from Bessarabia to Moldavia
            1 Cuirassiers, 3 Dragoonss, 1 Horse_Artillery and 2 Hussarss moved from Bessarabia to Wallachia
                  Russia take Wallachia from OttomanEmpire
            2 Dragoonss and 2 Hussarss moved from Odessa to Moldavia
            1 Hussars moved from Odessa to Moldavia

Purchase Units - Russia
            Russia buy 1 Cuirassiers, 3 Dragoonss, 1 Horse_Artillery and 2 Hussarss; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat - Russia

Non Combat Move - Russia
            1 Dragoons and 4 Hussarss moved from Moscovia to Mordvins
            2 Artillerys, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Horse_Artillery and 5 Hussarss moved from Astrakahn to Mordvins
            2 Hussarss moved from Odessa to Mordvins
            1 Grenadiers and 1 Howitzer moved from Finland to Karelia
            4 Dragoonss moved from Finland to Novgorod

Place Units - Russia
            1 Cuirassiers and 1 Horse_Artillery placed in Odessa
            3 Dragoonss and 2 Hussarss placed in Moscovia

Turn Complete - Russia
            Russia collect 41 PUs; end with 41 PUs total

[Narushima]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :5

Politics - France

Combat Move - France
            2 Chasseurss and 1 Fusiliers moved from Normandy to Brittany
            6 Chasseurss moved from Orleanais to Normandy
            2 Artillerys and 4 Fusilierss moved from Flanders to Picardy
            1 Artillery, 1 Grenadiers and 1 Howitzer moved from Provence to Liguria
            3 Cuirassierss moved from Auvergne to Provence
            1 Dragoons moved from Liguria to Lombardi
            1 Artillery and 2 Grenadierss moved from Eturia to Bologna
            1 Horse_Artillery moved from Lombardi to Bologna
            1 Horse_Artillery and 1 Marines moved from Lombardi to Bologna
            1 Battleship, 2 Brigantines and 2 Cutters moved from SZ44 to SZ43

Purchase Units - France
            France buy 1 Battleship, 1 Cutter and 7 Fusilierss; Remaining resources: 1 PUs;

Combat - France
            Battle in Bologna
                France attack with 1 Artillery, 2 Grenadierss, 2 Horse_Artillerys and 1 Marines
                Neutral defend with 2 Fusilierss
                France win, taking Bologna from Neutral with 1 Artillery, 2 Grenadierss, 2 Horse_Artillerys and 1 Marines remaining. Battle score for attacker is 8
                Casualties for Neutral: 2 Fusilierss

Non Combat Move - France
            1 General moved from Auvergne to Gascony

Place Units - France
            1 Battleship and 1 Cutter placed in SZ43
            7 Fusilierss placed in Orleanais

Turn Complete - France
            France collect 61 PUs; end with 62 PUs total
            Objective Balancing Income for balanced game: France met a national objective for an additional -6 PUs; end with 56 PUs

[Narushima]

I know that the defender is supposed to choose the casualties on his side in the board game, but multiplayer in this version doesn’t seem to have any established rules, which is confusing.
I see what you mean, but it seems to me like quite a weakness in the game.

[Panther]

The more you play the more you get a feeling for this.
In this forums hundreds or thousands of games are played this way either with ABattlemap (in this old fashioned electronic gameboard, where no suggestions are made and players must do everything themselves) or with TripleA.

Just think in your opponents’s head, act reasonably - or ask for OOL.

It’s no problem.

The suggestions that TripleA make are a good hint. Normally the suggestion is taking out the units starting with the least defense value and the least PU-value. In most battles you are fine with the suggestion - but not always.

[Panther]

The next UK move seems to be an interesting one… so it takes me a little longer to think about it.

[Panther]

And please update to the new stable version of TripleA (1.7.0.3)

http://www.axisandallies.org/forums/index.php?topic=31221.0

We can use our savegames with it.

[Panther]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :5

Combat Move - UnitedKingdom
            3 Mariness moved from Cyrenacia to SZ81
            1 Barque and 3 Mariness moved from SZ81 to SZ86
            3 Mariness moved from SZ86 to Egypt
                  UnitedKingdom take Egypt from France
            1 Battleship, 1 Brigantine and 2 Frigates moved from SZ81 to SZ82
            5 Mariness moved from Essex to SZ29
            1 Brigantine, 3 Corvettes, 1 Frigate and 5 Mariness moved from SZ29 to SZ12
            5 Mariness moved from SZ12 to Norvege
            1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Grenadiers and 2 Mariness moved from Hanovre to SZ27
            1 Artillery, 5 Barques, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Grenadiers and 2 Mariness moved from SZ27 to SZ12
            1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Grenadiers and 2 Mariness moved from SZ12 to Norvege

Purchase Units - UnitedKingdom
            UnitedKingdom buy 2 Brigantines, 3 Corvettes, 1 Cutter and 3 Fusilierss; Remaining resources: 0 PUs;

Combat - UnitedKingdom
            Battle in Norvege
                UnitedKingdom attack with 1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Grenadiers and 7 Mariness
                Sweden defend with 1 Chasseurs
                UnitedKingdom win, taking Norvege from Sweden with 1 Artillery, 1 Chasseurs, 2 Fusilierss, 1 Grenadiers and 7 Mariness remaining. Battle score for attacker is 5
                Casualties for Sweden: 1 Chasseurs
            Battle in SZ82
                UnitedKingdom attack with 1 Battleship, 1 Brigantine and 2 Frigates
                France defend with 1 Barque and 1 Brigantine
                UnitedKingdom win with 1 Battleship, 1 Brigantine and 2 Frigates remaining. Battle score for attacker is 16
                Casualties for France: 1 Barque and 1 Brigantine

Non Combat Move - UnitedKingdom
            1 Brigantine moved from SZ26 to SZ27
            1 Marines moved from Hanovre to SZ27
            1 Brigantine and 1 Marines moved from SZ27 to SZ26
            1 Marines moved from SZ26 to Jutland
            2 Cutters moved from SZ29 to SZ34
            1 Cutter moved from SZ26 to SZ35
            2 Barques, 1 Battleship and 1 Frigate moved from SZ11 to SZ9
            1 Artillery moved from Skane to Ostra Gotaland
            1 Dragoons moved from Skane to Ostra Gotaland
            3 Fusilierss moved from Essex to Sussex
            1 Grenadiers moved from Essex to Sussex
            4 Dragoonss moved from Hanovre to Pomerania
            1 Artillery, 3 Fusilierss and 1 Howitzer moved from Hanovre to Holstein

Place Units - UnitedKingdom
            3 Fusilierss placed in Hanovre
            1 Cutter placed in SZ82
            2 Brigantines and 3 Corvettes placed in SZ29
            Turning on Edit Mode
            EDIT: Removing units owned by UnitedKingdom from Pomerania: 2 Dragoonss
            EDIT: Adding units owned by UnitedKingdom to Jutland: 2 Dragoonss
            EDIT: Turning off Edit Mode

Turn Complete - UnitedKingdom
            UnitedKingdom collect 70 PUs; end with 70 PUs total
            Objective Balancing Income for balanced game: UnitedKingdom met a national objective for an additional -4 PUs; end with 66 PUs

[Narushima]

TripleA Turn Summary for game: Napoleonic Empires, version: 4.0.9

Game History

Round :5

Combat Move - Spain
            2 Mariness moved from West Sahara to SZ51
            2 Barques and 2 Mariness moved from SZ51 to SZ49
            1 Battleship, 2 Brigantines, 1 Corvette, 1 Cutter and 1 Frigate moved from SZ53 to SZ49
            1 Artillery and 1 Fusiliers moved from Algarve to SZ49
            1 Artillery, 3 Barques, 1 Battleship, 2 Brigantines, 1 Corvette, 1 Cutter, 1 Frigate, 1 Fusiliers and 2 Mariness moved from SZ49 to SZ53
            1 Barque and 1 Fusiliers moved from SZ53 to SZ54
            1 Chasseurs and 1 Howitzer moved from Areg to Tunisia
                  Spain take Tunisia from UnitedKingdom
            1 Cuirassiers and 1 Dragoons moved from Algarve to New Castille
            1 Artillery and 1 Fusiliers moved from La Mancha to Murcia
            2 Frigates moved from SZ44 to SZ49
            1 Cutter and 2 Frigates moved from SZ47 to SZ53
            1 Chasseurs and 2 Fusilierss moved from Catalonia to Languedoc

Purchase Units - Spain
            Spain buy 3 Barques and 2 Dragoonss; Remaining resources: 2 PUs;

Combat - Spain

Non Combat Move - Spain

Place Units - Spain
            3 Barques placed in SZ47
            2 Dragoonss placed in New Castille

Turn Complete - Spain
            Spain collect 47 PUs; end with 49 PUs total
            Objective Balancing Income for balanced game: Spain met a national objective for an additional -10 PUs; end with 39 PUs