The Germans have no destroyer present, therefore the defending air units can not hit the sub, and of course the sub can never hit planes. Think of it in terms of the combined arms rule, air units can only hit subs if they are combined with at least 1 participating destroyer, the difference with this particular combined arms is that it works while attacking and defending. In the scenario that you described, the sub would destroy the remaining transport without rolling and the defending fighters can do nothing.
Moving through canels question
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Hi peops…
An example is this: Canal,
If you capture a canal in your combat phase can you move your boats through the canal ( now your’s ) in a non combat of that same turn?
BH
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No, you can’t do that.
@rulebook:
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If your side (but not necessarily your power) controlled a canal or narrow strait at the start of your turn, you may move
sea units through it (you can’t use it in the same turn that you capture it).
…HTH :-)