Transports and hostile sea zone question

No.

As the Attacker you may only take casualties from the active Power. As a defender, with multinational forces, all defending units fight and can be taken as casualties.

From the 1914 Rulebook (page 17)
Phase 3: Conduct Combat
Combat occurs when your units share the same space with units belonging to one or more opposing powers and you decide to commit your units to an attack. Only enemy units may be attacked. When attacking, all units in the space belonging to your power must attack. You are required to attack only in territories that have become contested this turn due to your movement of units into them. Attacks in territories that were already contested at the beginning of the turn and in sea zones are always optional, even if you have moved units into them this turn.

Only one power can attack while in a sea zone or contested territory, but all enemy forces that may be present in such a territory must defend together (see “Multinational Forces”, page 22). Players must always defend with all units in the space if attacked.

Page 22
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@the_good_captain It is only during the pre-emptive artillery strike that tanks don’t cancel hits. Per the following paragraph, the land combat is conducted normally, except for battleship bombardment.

@the_good_captain Yes, that’s correct.

No but you’re close. You can’t move troops and then load them on a transport. You have to wait until next turn to load them onto the transport. You can move a transport, load troops, and then complete your move with the transport and drop off the troops. You can load one troop, move the transport, load another troop, then complete your transport movement, then unload both troops but they have to unload in the same territory. You just can’t move troops to get to a transport or move troops after you unload them.

Yes.

The point of the sentence I quoted is simply to differentiate “regional territories” from “colonies”.  Regional territories can trace a line through contiguous original territories back to the capital, while colonies are removed from the capital.  The only difference this really makes is that colonies of minor powers are handled a little differently than their capitals.  Since minor powers don’t have regional territories anyway, this sentence is more about “flavor” than anything else.

@Imperious:

They buy Pizza and multiple copies of Axis and Allies games.

That’s your whole life right there.