@hammertimepower Based on how I read the rules the -8 penalty for USA is one time only. If it was every turn that would quite unbalanced as well. Furthermore you cannot recruit Colonial Infantry in Gibraltar as Colonial still require the territory they’re placed in to have an IPP value.
@mrgoatcheese In V3 anyway based on the beta rules Great Britain is only restricted from declaring war on major powers when below wartime income. There is no such restriction mentioned for minors IIRC.