• '10

    WWII Air Facts

    Below is an excellent summary of the effort required in WWII. It focuses on the American side of things, but the British, Germans and Japanese expended comparable energy and experienced similar costs. Just one example for the Luftwaffe; about 1/3 of the Bf109s built were lost in non-combat crashes. After Midway, the Japanese experience level declined markedly, with the loss of so many higher-time naval pilots.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Most Americans who were not adults during WWII have no understanding of the magnitude of it. This listing of some of the aircraft facts gives a bit of insight to it.

    276,000 aircraft manufactured in the US .

    43,000 planes lost overseas, including 23,000 in combat.

    14,000 lost in the continental U.S.

    The US civilian population maintained a dedicated effort for four years, many working long hours seven days per week and often also volunteering for other work.  WWII was the largest human effort in history.

    Statistics from Flight Journal magazine.

    THE COST of DOING  BUSINESS

    –-- The staggering cost of war.

    THE PRICE OF VICTORY (cost of an aircraft in WWII dollars)

    B-17       $204,370.     P-40       $44,892.
    B-24       $215,516.     P-47       $85,578.
    B-25       $142,194.     P-51       $51,572.
    B-26       $192,426.     C-47       $88,574.
    B-29       $605,360.     PT-17     $15,052.
    P-38         $97,147.     AT-6       $22,952.

    PLANES A DAY  WORLDWIDE

    From Germany’s invasion of Poland Sept. 1, 1939 and ending with Japan 's surrender Sept. 2, 1945 — 2,433 days

    From 1942 onward, America averaged 170 planes lost a day.

    How many is a 1,000  planes?  B-17 production (12,731) wingtip to wingtip would extend 250 miles.  1,000 B-17s carried

    2.5 million gallons of high octane fuel and required 10,000 airmen to fly and fight them.

    THE NUMBERS GAME
    9.7 billion gallons of gasoline consumed, 1942-1945.
    107.8 million hours flown, 1943-1945.
    459.7 billion rounds of aircraft ammo fired overseas, 1942-1945.
    7.9 million bombs dropped  overseas, 1943-1945.
    2.3 million combat sorties, 1941-1945 (one sortie = one takeoff).
    299,230 aircraft accepted, 1940-1945.
    808,471 aircraft engines accepted, 1940-1945.
    799,972 propellers accepted, 1940-1945.

    WWII MOST-PRODUCED COMBAT AIRCRAFT

    Ilyushin IL-2 Sturmovik                                  36,183

    Yakolev Yak-1,-3,-7, -9                               31,000+

    Messerschmitt Bf-109                                  30,480

    Focke-Wulf Fw-190                                      29,001

    Supermarine Spitfire/Seafire                           20,351

    Convair B-24/PB4Y Liberator/Privateer             18,482

    North American P-51 Mustang                        15,875

    Republic P-47 Thunderbolt                             15,686

    Junkers Ju-88                                              15,000+

    Hawker Hurricane                                         14,533

    Curtiss P-40 Warhawk                                   13,738

    Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress                            12,731

    Vought F4U Corsair                                       12,571

    Grumman F6F Hellcat                                    12,275

    Petlyakov Pe-2                                             11,400

    Lockheed P-38 Lightning                                10,037

    Mitsubishi A6M Zero                                      10,449

    North American B-25 Mitchell                           9,984

    Lavochkin LaGG-5                                          9,920

    Note: The LaGG-5 was produced with both water-cooled (top) and air-cooled (bottom) engines.

    Grumman TBM Avenger                                   9,837

    Bell P-39 Airacobra                                        9,584

    Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar                                     5,919

    DeHavilland Mosquito                                     7,780

    Avro Lancaster                                              7,377

    Heinkel He-111                                              6,508

    Handley-Page Halifax                                      6,176

    Messerschmitt Bf-110                                    6,150

    Lavochkin LaGG-7                                         5,753

    Boeing B-29 Superfortress                            3,970

    Short Stirling                                                  2,383

    Sources:  Rene Francillon,  Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific war; Cajus Bekker, The Luftwaffe Diaries;  Ray Wagner, American Combat Planes; Wikipedia.

    According to the AAF Statistical Digest, in less than four years (December 1941- August 1945), the US Army Air Forces lost 14,903 pilots, aircrew and assorted personnel plus 13,873 airplanes –-inside the continental United States.  They were the result of 52,651 aircraft accidents (6,039 involving fatalities) in 45 months.

    Think about those numbers. They average 1,170 aircraft accidents per month---- nearly 40 a day.  (Less than one accident in four resulted in totaled aircraft, however.)

    It gets worse…

    Almost 1,000 Army planes disappeared en route from the US to foreign climes.  But an eye-watering 43,581 aircraft were lost overseas including 22,948 on combat missions (18,418 against the Western Axis) and 20,633 attributed to non-combat causes overseas.

    In a single 376 plane raid in August 1943, 60 B-17s were shot down. That was a 16 percent loss rate and meant 600 empty bunks in England.  In 1942-43 it was statistically impossible for bomber crews to complete a 25-mission tour in Europe.

    Pacific theatre losses were far less (4,530 in combat) owing to smaller forces committed.  The worst B-29 mission, against Tokyo on May 25, 1945, cost 26 Superfortresses, 5.6 percent of the 464 dispatched from the Marianas.

    On  average, 6,600 American servicemen died per month during WWII, about 220 a day. By the end of the war, over 40,000 airmen were killed in combat theatres and another 18,000 wounded.  Some 12,000 missing men were declared dead, including a number “liberated” by the Soviets but never returned.  More than 41,000 were captured, half of the 5,400 held by the Japanese died in captivity, compared with one-tenth in German hands.   Total combat casualties were pegged at 121,867.

    US manpower made up the deficit.  The AAF’s peak strength was reached in 1944 with 2,372,000 personnel, nearly twice the previous year’s figure.

    The losses were huge—but so were production totals.  From 1941 through 1945, American industry delivered more than 276,000 military aircraft. That number was enough not only for US Army, Navy and Marine Corps, but for allies as diverse as Britain, Australia, China and Russia.  In fact, from 1943 onward, America produced more planes than Britain and Russia combined.  And more than Germany and Japan together 1941-45.

    However, our enemies took massive losses.  Through much of 1944, the Luftwaffe sustained uncontrolled hemorrhaging, reaching 25 percent of aircrews and 40 planes a month.  And in late 1944 into 1945, nearly half the pilots in Japanese squadrons had flown fewer than 200 hours.  The disparity of two years before had been completely reversed.

    Experience Level:
    Uncle Sam sent many of his sons to war with absolute minimums of training. Some fighter pilots entered combat in 1942 with less than one hour in their assigned aircraft.
    The 357th Fighter Group (often known as The Yoxford Boys) went to England in late 1943 having trained on P-39s.   The group never saw a Mustang until shortly before its first combat mission.

    A high-time P-51 pilot had 30 hours in type.  Many had fewer than five hours.  Some had one hour.

    With arrival of new aircraft, many combat units transitioned in combat.  The attitude was, "They all have a stick and a throttle.  Go fly em." When the famed 4th Fighter Group converted from P-47s to P-51s in February 1944, there was no time to stand down for an orderly transition.   The Group commander, Col. Donald Blakeslee, said, "You can learn to fly 51s on the way to the target.

    A future P-47 ace said, “I was sent to England to die.”  He was not alone.   Some fighter pilots tucked their wheels in the well on their first combat mission with one previous flight in the aircraft.  Meanwhile, many bomber crews were still learning their trade:  of Jimmy Doolittle’s 15 pilots on the April 1942 Tokyo raid, only five had won their wings before 1941.   All but one of the 16 copilots were less than a year out of flight school.

    In WWII flying safety took a back seat to combat.  The AAF’s worst accident rate was recorded by the A-36 Invader version of the P-51: a staggering 274 accidents per 100,000 flying hours.   Next worst were the P-39 at 245, the P-40 at 188, and the P-38 at 139.  All were Allison powered.

    Bomber wrecks were fewer but more expensive.  The B-17 and B-24 averaged 30 and 35 accidents per 100,000 flight hours, respectively-- a horrific figure considering that from 1980 to 2000 the Air Force’s major mishap rate was less than 2.

    The B-29 was even worse at 40; the world’s most sophisticated, most capable and most expensive bomber was too urgently needed to stand down for mere safety reasons. The AAF set a reasonably high standard for B-29 pilots, but the desired figures were seldom attained.

    The original cadre of the 58th Bomb Wing was to have 400 hours of multi-engine time, but there were not enough experienced pilots to meet the criterion.  Only ten percent had overseas experience.  Conversely, when a $2.1 billion B-2 crashed in 2008, the Air Force initiated a two-month “safety pause” rather than declare a “stand down”, let alone grounding.

    The B-29 was no better for maintenance. Though the R3350 was known as a complicated, troublesome power-plant, no more than half the mechanics had previous experience with the Duplex Cyclone.  But they made it work.

    Navigators:
    Perhaps the greatest unsung success story of AAF training was Navigators.  The Army graduated some 50,000 during the War.  And many had never flown out of sight of land before leaving “Uncle Sugar” for a war zone.  Yet the huge majority found their way across oceans and continents without getting lost or running out of fuel — a stirring tribute to the AAF’s educational establishments.

    Cadet To Colonel:
    It was possible for a flying cadet at the time of Pearl Harbor to finish the war with eagles on his shoulders.  That was the record of John D. Landers, a 21-year-old Texan, who was commissioned a second lieutenant on December 12, 1941.  He joined his combat squadron with 209 hours total flight time, including 20 in P-40s.  He finished the war as a full colonel, commanding an 8th Air Force Group — at age 24.
    As the training pipeline filled up, however those low figures became exceptions.  
    By early 1944, the average AAF fighter pilot entering combat had logged at least 450 hours, usually including 250 hours in training.  At the same time, many captains and first lieutenants claimed over 600 hours.

    FACT:
    At its height in mid-1944, the Army Air Forces had 2.6 million people and nearly 80,000 aircraft of all types.  
    Today the US Air Force employs 327,000 active personnel (plus 170,000 civilians) with 5,500+ manned and perhaps 200 unmanned aircraft.  
    The 2009 figures represent about 12 percent of the manpower and 7 percent of the airplanes of the WWII peak.

    IN SUMMATION:
    Whether there will ever be another war like that experienced in 1940-45 is doubtful, as fighters and bombers have given way to helicopters and remotely-controlled drones over Afghanistan and Iraq.  But within living memory, men left the earth in 1,000-plane formations and fought major battles five miles high, leaving a legacy that remains timeless.

  • Liaison TripleA '11 '10

    Truly incredible.

  • '10

    Great resource! Thanks for posting


  • Yeah Pareng BL is right, its a note from Douglas McArthur to my friends grandfather during WWII. Its just getting old in one corner and my friend is wondering what hed do about it - like donate to the museum, or ebay lol.


  • this is freaking amazing!!


  • Great post Black Fox.

    Reading about the air war in the Pacific, if an aircraft was off a few degrees could lead to a watery grave hundreds of miles out in the vast Ocean.

  • '10

    @ABWorsham:

    Great post Black Fox.

    Reading about the air war in the Pacific, if an aircraft was off a few degrees could lead to a watery grave hundreds of miles out in the vast Ocean.

    Thanks

    Thinking of the Pacific.  I knew a guy who was a B-25 waist gunner in the Pacific during WWII.  He told me a story where his squadron was sharing the air field with Richard I Bong when he was flying the P-38.  At the time their version had the eight .50 cal in the nose.  He said those guns we just vicious.  However, the high humidity was causing problems with the electrical circuits that controlled the guns.  When it got bad enough the moisture would connect the firing circuits and the guns would sometimes start firing by themselves.  One day they were getting ready for a mission.  Just as they were walking out to the planes, one of the P-38s guns went off.  The airplane starting bouncing and spreading lead all over the field.  It hit a few other planes and their guns went off too.  At this point they now had 5 fully load P-38 with guns just blazing away and planes just started exploding all over the place.  He said by the time it was all over, they had 45 planes destroyed on the ground!  I’m sure this is just one of many such incidents that added to those mind blowing statistics.

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